Abstract: E138G/A/K conferred 5.1-, 7.1-, and 2.7-fold resistance to rilpivirine, respectively.
Abstract: E138G/A/K in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) reverse transcriptase (RT) are rilpivirine resistance-associated mutations and can be identified in a few ART-naive patients, although at low frequency.
Abstract: CONCLUSIONS: E138G/A/K can be selected by HLA-B*18-restricted CTLs and confer significant rilpivirine resistance.
Abstract: Here we tested whether E138G/A/K could be selected by HLA-B*18-restricted CTLs.
Abstract: RESULTS: The prevalence of E138G/A/K was 21% and 0.37% in 19 and 1088 patients with and without HLA-B*18, respectively (odds ratio,
Basis for early and preferential selection of the E138K mutation in HIV-1 reverse transcriptase.
PMID: 23856772
2013
Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
Abstract: E138K, as well as E138G, consistently emerged first during ETR selection experiments, followed by E138A and E138Q; E138R was never selected.
Abstract: We hypothesized that there was a mutational bias for the E138K substitution and designed an allele-specific PCR to monitor the emergence of E138A/G/K/Q/R/V during ETR selection experiments.
HIV-1 drug-resistance surveillance among treatment-experienced and -naive patients after the implementation of antiretroviral therapy in Ghana.
Result: However, polymorphisms at NNRTI-resistance mutation loci, V90I, E138A, and V106I, were found in 6 cases (10.2% in Table 4).
Table: E138A
[Resistance profile of rilpivirine].
PMID: 24252532
2013
Enfermedades infecciosas y microbiologia clinica
Abstract: In vitro studies and phase III clinical trials have allowed the identification of 16 mutations associated with resistance to RPV K101E/P, E138A/G/K/Q/R, V179L, Y181C/I/V, Y188L, H221Y, F227C and M230I/L.
Molecular epidemiology of HIV in two highly endemic areas of northeastern South Africa.
Discussion: One of the viruses harbored the combination V118I/E138A/V179D, while another had V118I/E138A.
Discussion: Other substitutions that were found include V90I, E138A, and V179D, which are weakly associated with decreased NNRTI susceptibility, and V118I, which occurs in ~2% of untreated individuals and with increased frequency in those receiving multiple NRTIs.
Minority variants associated with resistance to HIV-1 nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors during primary infection.
Discussion: Y181C, K103N, G190A, H221Y, K101E, A98G, V108I, V106A, E138A, Y188L are the top ten most common mutations resistant to NVP in patients who received NVP treatment.
"Prolonged and substantial discordance in prevalence of raltegravir-resistant HIV-1 in plasma versus PBMC samples revealed by 454 ""deep"" sequencing."
Method: Secondary raltegravir-associated DRMs were defined to be E92V, Q95K, T97A, F121Y, E138A/K, G140A/C/S, S147G, V151A/I/L, M154I/L, E157Q, and G163K/R, and linkages examined were T97A
Table: E138A/K
Figure: Raltegravir-associated DRMs (A) E138A, (B) E138K, (C) G140S and (D) Q148H were detected at a higher prevalence in plasma than in PBMC.
Virological failure rates and HIV-1 drug resistance patterns in patients on first-line antiretroviral treatment in semirural and rural Gabon.
PMID: 23199801
2012
Journal of the International AIDS Society
Result: Five additional viruses were predicted to be possibly resistant to ETV, including three viruses harbouring the E138A/G/Q/R DRM, one with the three DRMs K101E/H/I/P/R, Y181C, and G190A/S, and one with the three DRMs V90I, K101E/H/I/P/R, and G190A/S.
Result: Major NNRTIs DRMs were also obtained at positions P225H (n=12), K101E (n=11), Y181C (n=10), G190A (n=7), Y188L (n=6), V90I (n=5), PMID: 21099693
2011
Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)
Result: Mutations predicted to confer resistance to etravirine (E138A, Y181C, G190A) were present in five of the nine children with samples available in the first six months of failure; two of the seven children with samples in the seven to 12 month range had two etravirine associated mutations.
HIV mutation literature information.
PMID: 
2013
Clinical infectious diseases
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