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 HIV mutation literature information.


  Rilpivirine: a new non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor.
 PMID: 23099850       2013       The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy
Abstract: Seventeen NNRTI mutations have been associated with decreased susceptibility to rilpivirine: K101E/P, E138A/G/K/Q/R, V179L, Y181C/I/V, H221Y, F227C, M230I/L, Y188L and the combination L100I + K103N.


  HIV-1 drug resistance-associated mutations among antiretroviral-naive Thai patients with chronic HIV-1 infection.
 PMID: 23161095       2013       Journal of medical virology
Abstract: DRAMs to NNRTIs were V106I (7%), V179D (4.2%), V179T (1.8%), E138A (1.5%), V90I (1.2%), K103N (0.9%), Y181C (0.9%), and P225H (0.3%).


  Distinct resistance patterns to etravirine and rilpivirine in viruses containing nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor mutations at baseline.
 PMID: 23262501       2013       AIDS (London, England)
Abstract: The replicative capacity of viruses containing Y181C and either E138K or E138A was similar to that of viruses containing either E138K or E138A alone.


  Molecular epidemiology of HIV in a cohort of men having sex with men from Istanbul.
 PMID: 23296905       2013       Medical microbiology and immunology
Abstract: In these patients, the nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI)-associated resistance mutations M41L, T215C, V75I, T69N, the non-NRTI associated mutations V106I, E138A, K103N and the protease inhibitor associated mutations Q58E and V82I were detected.


  Prevalence of pre-existing resistance-associated mutations to rilpivirine, emtricitabine and tenofovir in antiretroviral-naive patients infected with B and non-B subtype HIV-1 viruses.
 PMID: 23361642       2013       The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy
Abstract: Primary rilpivirine RAMs were infrequent (4.6%, n=79) and the most prevalent were E138A (3%, n=52), E138K, (0.3%, n=5), H221Y (0.3%, n=5), E138G (0.2%, n=4) and Y181C (0.2%, n=4).
Abstract: We studied the primary rilpivirine RAMs (K101E/P, E138A/G/K/Q/R, V179L, Y181C/I/V, H221Y, F227C and M230I/L) and other potential rilpivirine-associated mutations (V90I, L100I, K101T, E138S


  Human APOBEC3G-mediated hypermutation is associated with antiretroviral therapy failure in HIV-1 subtype C-infected individuals.
 PMID: 23443042       2013       Journal of the International AIDS Society
Discussion: However, random polymorphisms of E138K/A were observed in the proviral DNA of both therapy-naive and experienced patients.


  Transmission patterns of HIV-subtypes A/AE versus B: inferring risk-behavior trends and treatment-efficacy limitations from viral genotypic data obtained prior to and during antiretroviral therapy.
 PMID: 23469241       2013       PloS one
Table: E138A


  Transmitted HIV drug resistance in treatment-naive Romanian patients.
 PMID: 23592112       2013       Journal of medical virology
Result: Several atypical substitutions at key positions known to be linked with drug resistance were detected also within the RT gene: for NRTI-T69S (1/61 patients), T69N (2/61 patients) and for NNRTI-E138A/ G (5/61 patients), H221Y (1/61 patients).
Discussion: The E138A-RT mutation, a polymorphism that has been added recently to the list of mutations associated with decreased etravirine response was recorded in the study group.


  Effect of mutations at position E138 in HIV-1 reverse transcriptase and their interactions with the M184I mutation on defining patterns of resistance to nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors rilpivirine and etravirine.
 PMID: 23612196       2013       Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
Abstract: Each of the E138A/G/K/Q/R mutations, alone or in combination with M184I, resulted in decreased susceptibility to RPV and etravirine (ETR).
Abstract: Impacts of mutations at position E138 (A/G/K/Q/R/V) alone or in combination with M184I in HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT) were investigated.


  Naturally selected rilpivirine-resistant HIV-1 variants by host cellular immunity.
 PMID: 23797286       2013       Clinical infectious diseases
Abstract: E138G/A/K conferred 5.1-, 7.1-, and 2.7-fold resistance to rilpivirine, respectively.
Abstract: E138G/A/K in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) reverse transcriptase (RT) are rilpivirine resistance-associated mutations and can be identified in a few ART-naive patients, although at low frequency.
Abstract: CONCLUSIONS: E138G/A/K can be selected by HLA-B*18-restricted CTLs and confer significant rilpivirine resistance.



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