Drug resistance in antiretroviral-naive children newly diagnosed with HIV-1 in Manaus, Amazonas.
PMID: 28333295
2017
The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy
Abstract: The most common DRM was E138A (8.5%).
Drug resistance mutations in HIV-2 patients failing raltegravir and influence on dolutegravir response.
PMID: 28369593
2017
The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy
Abstract: Only one secondary mutation (E138A) was found in one of the 20 raltegravir-naive HIV-2 patients.
Etravirine combined with antiretrovirals other than darunavir/ritonavir for HIV-1-infected, treatment-experienced adults: Week 48 results of a phase IV trial.
Abstract: The most frequently emerging etravirine resistance-associated mutations in virologic failures were Y181C, E138A, and M230L.
Result: The most frequently emerging etravirine RAMs (developing in >=5 VFs) were Y181C (18/49), E138A (5/49), and M230L (5/49).
Discussion: The most frequently emerging etravirine RAMs, Y181C, E138A, and M230L (>=5 VFs) have also been observed previously in patients with VF in etravirine trials, as has the only other NNRTI RAM that emerged in >=5 VFs, H221Y.
The infection staging and profile of genotypic distribution and drug resistance mutation among the human immunodeficiency virus-1 infected blood donors from five Chinese blood centers, 2012-2014.
Discussion: If we assume that most of the HIV infected donors were not aware of the infection status at donation and didn't receive HIV ART, then some DRMs observed in the present study could be transmitted from the treated HIV infected population, especially for the donor with high drug resistance to NNRTIs due to mutations of G190E and E138A.This hypothesis is yet to be confirmed with more data in future studies.
Discussion: These two drugs were mostly adopted as first-line NNRTIs for anti-retrovirus treatment (ART) in China.While V179D and E138A mutations were described as polymorphic accessory NNRTI-selected mutation, however, it is unclear
Potential for immune-driven viral polymorphisms to compromise antiretroviral-based preexposure prophylaxis for prevention of HIV-1 infection.
Abstract: METHODS: We analyzed linked reverse transcriptase-
Discussion: Reverse transcriptase-E138K is the most commonly identified mutation upon virologic failure of rilpivirine-containing ART, conferring two to three-fold decreased susceptibility to this drug when present alone; E138A and E138G confer the same level of rilpivirine resistance as E138K.
Discussion: Using large global datasets of linked HIV/HLA genotypes, we demonstrate that E138X variants (most commonly E138A, E138G, or E138K) naturally occur in persons expressing HLA-B*18 allele in the majority of global regions and in most major HIV-1 group M subtypes and CRFs.
Prevalence of drug resistance among HIV-1 treatment-naive patients in Greece during 2003-2015: Transmitted drug resistance is due to onward transmissions.
PMID: 28688977
2017
Infection, genetics and evolution
Abstract: For subtype B, 68.1% (139 out of 204) of resistant strains (E138A, K103N, E138Q V179D) belonged to clusters.
Abstract: The majority of subtype A sequences (89.7%; 245 out of 273) with the dominant NNRTI resistance mutations (E138A, K103N, E138Q, V179D) were found to belong to monophyletic clusters suggesting regional dispersal.
Abstract: The most frequently observed NNRTI resistant mutations were E138A (7.7%), E138Q (4.0%), K103N (2.3%) and V179D (1.3%).
Drug resistance in B and non-B subtypes amongst subjects recently diagnosed as primary/recent or chronic HIV-infected over the period 2013-2016: Impact on susceptibility to first-line strategies including integrase strand-transfer inhibitors.
PMID: 28732792
2017
Journal of global antimicrobial resistance
Abstract: No significant differences were observed between the prevalence rates of TDRMs involving one or more drugs, except for the presence of E138A quite only in patients with B subtype and other NNRTI in subjects with non-B infection.
High level of HIV-1 drug resistance mutations in patients with unsuppressed viral loads in rural northern South Africa.
Result: E138A/K/Q, a mutation related to the NNRTIs etravirine (ETR) and rilpivirine (RPV) was found in 8.6% of subjects, although these drugs are not currently available and not part of the standard treatment regimen in South Africa.
Result: Excluding E138A/K/Q among
Discussion: In fact, in the Stanford Drug Resistance database, subtype C strains from drug exposed patients have a higher prevalence of the E138A/K/Q mutation compared to other group M strains (8-9.5% vs.
Discussion: Similarly, we speculate that the occurrence of the E138A/K/Q mutation could be due to the codon usage of subtype C RT at this position which is GAA versus GAG in other group M strains.
Comparison between next-generation and Sanger-based sequencing for the detection of transmitted drug-resistance mutations among recently infected HIV-1 patients in Israel, 2000-2014.
PMID: 28799325
2017
Journal of the International AIDS Society
Result: Mainly, E138A predicted to mostly affect rilpivirine resistance, was identified in three patients (infected with subtype A, AG and C) by both sequencing platforms (Figure 1).
Discussion: Here, six of the patients harboured E138 substitutions, three of whom had E138A.
Discussion: However, studies do monitor this location, especially the E138A substitution inhibiting rilpivirine, whose prevalence has been shown to vary by geographical region and HIV-1 subtype; in Europe, it was identified in 3.1% of the recently infected patients.
Week 48 resistance analysis of Elvitegravir/Cobicistat/Emtricitabine/Tenofovir DF versus Atazanavir + Ritonavir + Emtricitabine/Tenofovir DF in HIV-1 infected women (WAVES study GS-US-236-0128).
Discussion: Outcome analyses were done for other resistance mutations seen at baseline, including the NNRTI-associated substitutions K103N and E138A/G/K/Q/R, and the PI-associated substitutions M46I/L and L33F, and similar results were observed.
Discussion: The most common NNRTI-associated substitutions were V90I and E138A/G/K/Q/R, observed most frequently in subtypes A and A1, but these did not impact genotypic sensitivity to most NNRTIs.
HIV mutation literature information.
PMID: 
2017
The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy
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