Gag P2/NC and pol genetic diversity, polymorphism, and drug resistance mutations in HIV-1 CRF02_AG- and non-CRF02_AG-infected patients in Yaounde, Cameroon.
Method: Four subjects on ART also had viruses harboring the NNRTIs secondary mutations V179D, A98G, E138A, V179E, and F227L, including subject NA2CMR151 who had both A98G and the major NNRTI resistance mutation Y181C.
Transmission Dynamics of HIV-1 Drug Resistance among Treatment-Naive Individuals in Greece: The Added Value of Molecular Epidemiology to Public Health.
Introduction: Resistance to NNRTIs was the most prevalent (16.9%), and our previous analysis revealed that the majority (89%) of NNRTI-resistant viruses (E138A, K103N, and V179D) for subtype A1 belonged to monophyletic clusters (local transmission networks (LTNs)).
Introduction: Specifically, 85.7% of sequences with K103N, and 82.7% with E138A belonged to one and four LTNs, respectively, suggesting that the viruses with the most prevalent NNRTI resistance mutations spread as a result of onward transmission.
Method: Specifically, we analyzed four LTNs including sequences with E138A (N = 22, 38, 50 and 38 for clusters 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively) and one with <
Molecular evolution of HIV-1 integrase during the 20 years prior to the first approval of integrase inhibitors.
Method: Major INSTI resistance mutations (T66I, E92Q, F121Y, Y143CHR, S147G, Q148HKR, N155H) that confer substantial phenotypic resistance to at least one of the currently approved INSTI as well as minor INSTI resistance mutations (T66AK, L74 M, E92G, T97A, E138AK, G140AS, R263K) that increase INSTI resistance and/or viral
Assessment of etravirine resistance in HIV-1-infected paediatric patients using population and deep sequencing: final results of the PIANO study.
Abstract: The most frequent emerging non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor RAMs detected by PS (>=3 VFs; n) were the etravirine RAMs Y181C (8), V90I (3), L100I (3) and E138A (3).
Sub-Epidemics Explain Localized High Prevalence of Reduced Susceptibility to Rilpivirine in Treatment-Naive HIV-1-Infected Patients: Subtype and Geographic Compartmentalization of Baseline Resistance Mutations.
PMID: 26651266
2016
AIDS research and human retroviruses
Table: E138A
Discussion: A prevalent E138A in treatment-naive patients could have accompanied transmitted DRMs, however, our results strongly suggest that the reduced viral susceptibility to RPV and in particular the increased E138A prevalence in a geographic and subtype-dependent manner resulted from the propagation of a natural polymorphism following a founder event.
Discussion: Despite its reported selection by ART, the E138A mutation is not included in the surveillance mutation list of Bennett et al.
Discussion: Furthermore, a transmission ratio of 1.39 was detected for E138A, indicating that high levels of transmission between treatment-naive patients contribute to its higher prevalence.
Discussion: If E138A predominantly results from transmission from
Systematic review to determine the prevalence of transmitted drug resistance mutations to rilpivirine in HIV-infected treatment-naive persons.
Abstract: Pooled results from the Stanford database (n=52,680) correlated with these findings indicating a low prevalence of 8/9 rilpivirine mutations (<0.1%), except for E138A/G/K/Q/R (2.9%, 95% CI 1.8, 4.4).
Abstract: The prevalence of E138A/G/K/Q/R mutations is higher (0.7%) and varies according to geographical region and HIV subtype.
Abstract: Two mutations were mo
Clinical Outcomes of Virologically-Suppressed Patients with Pre-existing HIV-1 Drug Resistance Mutations Switching to Rilpivirine/Emtricitabine/Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate in the SPIRIT Study.
Abstract: Mutations potentially affecting RPV activity, including E138A/G/K/Q, Y181C, and H221Y, were detected in isolates from 11 patients by one or both assays.
Genotypic Characterization of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Derived from Antiretroviral Therapy-Naive Individuals Residing in Sorong, West Papua.
PMID: 27009513
2016
AIDS research and human retroviruses
Abstract: Major drug resistance-associated mutations for PR inhibitors were not detected; however, mutations for the RT inhibitors, A62V and E138A, appeared in a few samples, indicating the possible emergence of transmitted HIV-1 drug resistance in Sorong, West Papua.
An unusual case of underlying rilpivirine resistance in an antiretroviral-naive man with AIDS.
PMID: 27074792
2016
International journal of STD & AIDS
Abstract: His case illustrates the growing importance of archived resistance mutations including the less common E138A mutation, as well as the risk and rapid occurrence of IRIS in AIDS patients initiated on integrase inhibitors.
Abstract: We report an antiretroviral treatment (ART)-naive patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) (CD4 cell count 20 cells/mm3, viral load 8439 copies/mL), who was infected with HIV-1 sub-type B virus containing a reverse transcriptase mutation, E138A, associated with rilpivirine resistance.
Role of Rilpivirine and Etravirine in Efavirenz and Nevirapine-Based Regimens Failure in a Resource-Limited Country: A Cross- Sectional Study.
Method: RT-RAMs were identified and analyzed by using the Stanford Drug Resistance Database for V90I, A98G, L100I/V, K101E/P/Q/H/N, K103N/S/T/Q/E/H/R, V106A/M/I, V108I, E138A/K/Q/G/R, V179D/E/T/F/L, Y181C/I/V/S/F/G, M184I, Y188C/H/L/F, G190A/S/E/Q/C/V/T, H221Y,
HIV mutation literature information.
PMID: 
2017
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