Discussion: Mutations known to be selected by TAMs (ie, M41L, D67N, K70R, L210W, T215Y/F, and K219Q/E) also confer reduced susceptibility to all currently approved nRTIs.
Discussion: The presence of 3 of the following mutations:M41L, D67N, L210W, T215Y/F, K219Q/E:is associated with resistance to didanosine.
HIV multi-drug resistance at first-line antiretroviral failure and subsequent virological response in Asia.
PMID: 25141905
2014
Journal of the International AIDS Society
Introduction: There are two TAM pathways: type I (M41L, L210W and T215Y) and type II (D67N, K70R, T215F and K219Q/E); the former conferring higher levels of resistance and cross-resistance.
Result: A total of 35 patients had at least 1 TAM, with the following distribution: M41L (16%), D67N (15%), K70R (9%), L210W (11%), T215Y (16%), T215F (11%), K219Q (5%) and K219E (2%).
Virological failure and HIV-1 drug resistance mutations among naive and antiretroviral pre-treated patients entering the ESTHER program of Calmette Hospital in Cambodia.
Abstract: The nucleotide position of A2723G, A2747G and C2750T were frequent polymorphisms for the wild-type amino acids K65, K66 and D67, respectively, and 14 specimens had the D67N mutation encoded by G2748A.
Result: Fourteen specimens had a G2748A mutation that led to D67N, a thymidine analogue mutation.
Table: D67N
The lysine 65 residue in HIV-1 reverse transcriptase function and in nucleoside analog drug resistance.
Introduction: Several mutations (the thymidine analog mutations, TAM) are required for high-level AZT resistance by excision, and include M41L, D67N, K70R, T215F or Y and K219E or Q.
Transmitted antiretroviral drug resistance mutations in newly diagnosed HIV-1 positive patients in Turkey.
PMID: 25397495
2014
Journal of the International AIDS Society
Abstract: However, thymidine analogue resistance mutations (TAMs) determined two distinct genotypic profiles in the HIV-1 reverse transcriptase: TAM1: M41L, L210W and T215Y, and TAM2: D67N, K70R, K219E/Q, and T215F.
Use of dolutegravir in two INI-experienced patients with multiclass resistance resulted in excellent virological and immunological responses.
PMID: 25397500
2014
Journal of the International AIDS Society
Table: D67N
Persistence of frequently transmitted drug-resistant HIV-1 variants can be explained by high viral replication capacity.
Development of Novel Dihydrofuro[3,4-d]pyrimidine Derivatives as HIV-1 NNRTIs to Overcome the Highly Resistant Mutant Strains F227L/V106A and K103N/Y181C.
Result: It showed that M41L, D67N, T69D, K70R, and K219R were the most common NRTI mutations that associated with the three NNRTI mutations, K103N, Y181C and G190A.
The development of drug resistance mutations K103N Y181C and G190A in long term Nevirapine-containing antiviral therapy.
HIV mutation literature information.
PMID: 
2014
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