The K65R mutation in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase exhibits bidirectional phenotypic antagonism with thymidine analog mutations.
Abstract: Among samples with K65R, a strong negative association was evident with the TAMs M41L, D67N, L210W, T215Y/F, and K219Q/E (P<0.005) but not with other NRTI mutations, including the Q151M complex.
Abstract: To test this possibility, we generated recombinant HIV-1 encoding K65R in two different TAM backgrounds: M41L/L210W/T215Y and D67N/K70R/T215F/K219Q.
Fitness comparison of thymidine analog resistance pathways in human immunodeficiency virus type 1.
Abstract: By contrast, introduction of T215F into the D67N/K70R/K219Q background increased viral fitness in the presence of ZDV.
Abstract: Whereas T215Y occurs alone or with M41L and L210W (TAM-1 pattern), T215F rarely occurs with these mutations
Abstract: Whereas introduction of L210W improved the relative fitness of an M41L/T215Y mutant in the presence of ZDV, introduction of this mutation into a D67N/K70R/K219Q background resulted in decreased relative fitness in the presence or absence of drug.
Involvement of novel human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase mutations in the regulation of resistance to nucleoside inhibitors.
Abstract: Differently, D218E clustered with the NAM2 pathway (D67N+K70R+K219Q+T215F), and its presence in this cluster determined an increase in zidovudine resistance.
Temporal characterization of drug resistance associated mutations in HIV-1 protease and reverse transcriptase in patients failing antiretroviral therapy.
Abstract: From 1999 to 2003, resistance-mutations to drugs with high genetic-barrier significantly decreased (L90M/V82A/M46I/I54V/G73S/I84V/G48V for PIs; M41L/D67N/L210W/V1181 for NRTIs, p < 0.05), while mutations to drugs with low genetic-barrier increased (D30N in protease, M184V/K103N/V108I in reverse transcriptase, p < 0.05).
Alkoxyalkyl esters of (S)-9-[3-hydroxy-2-(phosphonomethoxy)propyl]adenine are potent inhibitors of the replication of wild-type and drug-resistant human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in vitro.
PMID: 16870786
2006
Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
Abstract: We synthesized several alkoxyalkyl esters of (S)-HPMPA and now report that hexadecyloxypropyl-(S)-HPMPA [HDP-(S)-HPMPA] and octadecyloxyethyl-(S)-HPMPA [ODE-(S)-HPMPA]had 50% effective concentrations of 0.4 to 7.0 nanomolar and were nearly fully active against HIV variants having reverse transcriptase mutations M184V and K103N and against a zidovudine-resistant variant with mutations D67N, K70R, T215Y, and K219Q.
Impact of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase polymorphism at codons 211 and 228 on virological response to didanosine.
Abstract: A mutation score (M41L+D67N+T69D-K70R +L74V-M 1 84V/I+T21 5Y/F+ K219Q/E+ R211A/D/G/K/S+ L228H/M/R), including two RT polymorphisms not previously described to be associated with ddl resistance (211 and 228) and RT mutations previously described, was associated with a continuum of virological response and increased the predictability of virological response to ddl.
Characterization of mutations in CRF01_AE virus isolates from antiretroviral treatment-naive and -experienced patients in Singapore.
PMID: 15608517
2005
Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)
Abstract: There were differences between CRF01_AE and subtype B viruses in several drug resistance mutations including the following: D67N, L210F, K101E, V106M, V179I/D, G190A/S/E, and G48V (which were more common in CRF01_AE virus) and M41L, T215Y, and V82A (which were less common in CRF01_AE virus).
Development of HIV with drug resistance after CD4 cell count-guided structured treatment interruptions in patients treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy after dual-nucleoside analogue treatment.
Abstract: RESULTS: After STI, one major drug-resistance mutation occurred (T215Y), and, in the 4 samples with preexisting major mutations (D67N [n=2], K70R [n=2], T215Y [n=2], and T215I [n=1]), the mutations disappeared.
Clonal analyses of HIV quasispecies in patients harbouring plasma genotype with K65R mutation associated with thymidine analogue mutations or L74V substitution.
Abstract: We showed that the K65R and TAM such as M41L, D67N, T215Y/D, L210W and K219E can be borne by the same virus.
Clinically relevant genotype interpretation of resistance to didanosine.
PMID: 15855490
2005
Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
Abstract: Eight mutations were associated with a reduced response to ddI, M41L, D67N, T69D, L74V, V118I, L210W, T215Y/F, and K219Q/E, and two mutations were associated with a better response, K70R and M184V/I.
HIV mutation literature information.
PMID: 
2006
Journal of virology
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