literature

HIV mutation literature information.

2014 Update of the drug resistance mutations in HIV-1.

PMID: 25101529 2014 Topics in antiviral medicine

Discussion: Mutations known to be selected by TAMs (ie, M41L, D67N, K70R, L210W, T215Y/F, and K219Q/E) also confer reduced susceptibility to all currently approved nRTIs.

Discussion: The presence of 3 of the following mutations:M41L, D67N, L210W, T215Y/F, K219Q/E:is associated with resistance to didanosine.

HIV multi-drug resistance at first-line antiretroviral failure and subsequent virological response in Asia.

PMID: 25141905 2014 Journal of the International AIDS Society

Introduction: There are two TAM pathways: type I (M41L, L210W and T215Y) and type II (D67N, K70R, T215F and K219Q/E); the former conferring higher levels of resistance and cross-resistance.

Result: A total of 35 patients had at least 1 TAM, with the following distribution: M41L (16%), D67N (15%), K70R (9%), L210W (11%), T215Y (16%), T215F (11%), K219Q (5%) and K219E (2%).

Virological failure and HIV-1 drug resistance mutations among naive and antiretroviral pre-treated patients entering the ESTHER program of Calmette Hospital in Cambodia.

PMID: 25166019 2014 PloS one

Result: The TAM2 pathway (D67N, K70R, T215F, and K219Q/E) was present in 5/22, 4/22, 8/22, 2/22 patients.

Development and customization of a color-coded microbeads-based assay for drug resistance in HIV-1 reverse transcriptase.

PMID: 25314293 2014 PloS one

Abstract: The nucleotide position of A2723G, A2747G and C2750T were frequent polymorphisms for the wild-type amino acids K65, K66 and D67, respectively, and 14 specimens had the D67N mutation encoded by G2748A.

Result: Fourteen specimens had a G2748A mutation that led to D67N, a thymidine analogue mutation.

Table: D67N

The lysine 65 residue in HIV-1 reverse transcriptase function and in nucleoside analog drug resistance.

PMID: 25341667 2014 Viruses

Introduction: Several mutations (the thymidine analog mutations, TAM) are required for high-level AZT resistance by excision, and include M41L, D67N, K70R, T215F or Y and K219E or Q.

Transmitted antiretroviral drug resistance mutations in newly diagnosed HIV-1 positive patients in Turkey.

PMID: 25397495 2014 Journal of the International AIDS Society

Abstract: However, thymidine analogue resistance mutations (TAMs) determined two distinct genotypic profiles in the HIV-1 reverse transcriptase: TAM1: M41L, L210W and T215Y, and TAM2: D67N, K70R, K219E/Q, and T215F.

Use of dolutegravir in two INI-experienced patients with multiclass resistance resulted in excellent virological and immunological responses.

PMID: 25397500 2014 Journal of the International AIDS Society

Table: D67N

Persistence of frequently transmitted drug-resistant HIV-1 variants can be explained by high viral replication capacity.

PMID: 25575025 2014 Retrovirology

Table: D67N

The development of drug resistance mutations K103N Y181C and G190A in long term Nevirapine-containing antiviral therapy.

PMID: 25926857 2014 AIDS research and therapy

Result: It showed that M41L, D67N, T69D, K70R, and K219R were the most common NRTI mutations that associated with the three NNRTI mutations, K103N, Y181C and G190A.

Table: D67N

Connection subdomain mutations in HIV-1 subtype-C treatment-experienced patients enhance NRTI and NNRTI drug resistance.

PMID: 23068886 2013 Virology

Result: Inherent levels of AZT resistance were first tested for wild-type subtype C in the absence (C-WT) or presence (C-TAMs) of TAMs (D67N, K70R, T215F/Y and K219Q).

Result: Standard TAMs (M41L, D67N, L210W, F214L, T215F/Y, K219N/E), were observed in POL, with P1 lacking NRTI TAMs.

Result: We have previously shown that the difference in AZT resistance between TAMs combination D67N, K70R, T215Y and K219Q v

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