literature

HIV mutation literature information.

Temporal Patterns and Drug Resistance in CSF Viral Escape Among ART-Experienced HIV-1 Infected Adults.

PMID: 28328546 2017 Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)

Result: Although most mutations in plasma and CSF were similar, 2 of 3 LLV cases had unique mutations in CSF (case 1: D67N, N348I, E399D, K20R; case 2: P225L, T74A).

Result: Fourteen of 49 cases with CSF escape had paired plasma and CSF HIV-1 genotypes (29%) with D67N/G reported as a unique CSF mutation twice.

Result: TAMs were present in 20 of 49 cases (40%), most commonly T215Y, D67N, or M41L (Table 4).

Fidelity of classwide-resistant HIV-2 reverse transcriptase and differential contribution of K65R to the accuracy of HIV-1 and HIV-2 reverse transcriptases.

PMID: 28333133 2017 Scientific reports

Introduction: Unlike HIV-1, HIV-2 does not develop resistance to nucleoside RT inhibitors (NRTIs) through the excision pathway (involving amino acid substitutions M41L, D67N, K70R, L210W, T215F/Y and K219E/Q in the viral RT), but relies exclusively on nucleotide discrimination.

Mutational Correlates of Virological Failure in Individuals Receiving a WHO-Recommended Tenofovir-Containing First-Line Regimen: An International Collaboration.

PMID: 28365230 2017 EBioMedicine

Method: Because of the possibility that some individuals may have received a thymidine analog before receiving a TDF-containing regimen, as such switches may not have always reported, we excluded from our analysis individuals with sequences containing one or more canonical thymidine analogue mutations (TAMs) - M41L, D67N, K70R, L210W, T215Y/F, and K219Q/E.

Etravirine combined with antiretrovirals other than darunavir/ritonavir for HIV-1-infected, treatment-experienced adults: Week 48 results of a phase IV trial.

PMID: 28382208 2017 SAGE open medicine

Result: Emerging NRTI RAMs were M41L, L74V, K219Q (1/49), D67N, M184I, T215Y (2/49), and M184V (3/49).

Use of Proviral DNA to Investigate Virus Resistance Mutations in HIV-infected Zimbabweans.

PMID: 28553415 2017 The open microbiology journal

Abstract: Six-percent (n=6) had at least one HIVDR mutation, comprising NRTI-associated mutations, (M184V, T69D, T69N and V75I); NNRTI-associated mutations (G190A, K103N, V106M, Y181C) and thymidine analogue associated mutations (D67N, K70R, K219Q, L210W, M41L, T215Y).

Result: The mutations observed were; NRTI mutations T69D, T69N

High level of HIV-1 drug resistance mutations in patients with unsuppressed viral loads in rural northern South Africa.

PMID: 28750647 2017 AIDS research and therapy

Table: D67N

Discussion: Although we could not state categorically the order of emergence of these mutations as this was a cross sectional study, the mutations D67N and K70R were the most frequent single occurring TAMs.

Discussion: In our study, we observed that the four TAMs (D67N, K70R, T215Y and K219Q/E) which make up the Type 2 TAM pathway, occurred more frequently and correlated well with the usage of AZT.

Comparison between next-generation and Sanger-based sequencing for the detection of transmitted drug-resistance mutations among recently infected HIV-1 patients in Israel, 2000-2014.

PMID: 28799325 2017 Journal of the International AIDS Society

Abstract: The most abundant, albeit, minor-frequency RT TDRM, were the K65R and D67N, while K103N, M184V and T215S were high-frequency mutations.

Result: Some of the low-frequency TDRMs identified are consistent with APOBEC-mediated G-to-A editing: the PI M46L/I and D30N, the NRTI D67N and the NNRTI G190E TDRM, as well as the E138K amino substitution, were all related to APOBEC.

Result: The Table: D67N

Week 48 resistance analysis of Elvitegravir/Cobicistat/Emtricitabine/Tenofovir DF versus Atazanavir + Ritonavir + Emtricitabine/Tenofovir DF in HIV-1 infected women (WAVES study GS-US-236-0128).

PMID: 28891788 2017 HIV clinical trials

Method: Primary NRTI-R substitutions assessed were M41L, A62V, K65R, D67N, T69 insertions, K70E/R, L74I/V, V75I, F77L, Y115F, F116Y, Result: One participant developed the NRTI resistance substitution D67D/N, but remained phenotypically susceptible to all drugs in their regimen.

Result: The EVG/COBI/FTC/TDF participant who developed D67D/N did not have post-baseline deep sequencing data available, so this substitution development could not be confirmed.

Antiretroviral Drug Resistance Mutations among HIV Treatment Failure Patients in Tehran, Iran.

PMID: 29026792 2017 Iranian journal of public health

Table: D67N

Upward trends of acquired drug resistances in Ethiopian HIV-1C isolates: A decade longitudinal study.

PMID: 29049402 2017 PloS one

Abstract: The most frequent NRTIs drug resistance associated mutations are mainly the lamivudine-induced mutation M184V which was detected in 4 patients at T1 and showed a 2 fold increase in the following time points (T2: n = 8) and at (T3: n = 12) and the thymidine analogue mutations (such as D67N, K70R and K219E) which were not-detected at baselin

Result: Among the two TAMs pathways, TAM-2 which features D67N, K70R, T215F, and K219E/Q mutations was more common than the TAM-1 which features M41L, L210W and T215Y.

Table: D67N

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