High resistance to reverse transcriptase inhibitors among persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 subtype circulating recombinant form 02_AG in Ghana and on antiretroviral therapy.
Abstract: Major nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) resistance mutations, M184I/V, D67N, T215F, and K70R/E were found.
Abstract: Two NRTI-associated drug resistance mutations (DRMs) (D67N and T69N) were present in sequences from 1 ART-naive individual.HIV-1 subtype CRF02_AG was most frequently detected in this study thus confirming earlier reports of dominance of this subtype in the West-African sub-region and Ghana in particular
Result: One therapy-naive patient showed evidence of drug resistance with D67N and T69N NRTI mutations.
HIV-1 acquired drug resistance to integrase inhibitors in a cohort of antiretroviral therapy multi-experienced Mexican patients failing to raltegravir: a cross-sectional study.
Antiviral Activity of Tenofovir Alafenamide against HIV-1 with Thymidine Analog-Associated Mutations and M184V.
PMID: 31988104
2020
Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
Abstract: The susceptibilities to antiviral drugs of site-directed mutants (SDMs) and patient-derived mutants containing combinations of TAMs (M41L, D67N, K70R, L210W, T215Y, and K219Q) with or without the M184V mutation (TAMs+-M184V) were evaluated using either 5-day multicycle (MC; n = 110) or 2-day single-cycle (SC; n = 96) HIV assays.
Trend of HIV-1 drug resistance in China: A systematic review and meta-analysis of data accumulated over 17 years (2001-2017).
Pretreatment HIV drug resistance spread within transmission clusters in Mexico City.
PMID: 31819984
2020
The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy
Result: Other frequently shared DRMs included: reverse transcriptase (RT) Y188L (11/175), RT T215S/C (24/175) and protease M46I (19/175), mostly at >=20% within-host frequency; and RT D67N/G/E (56/175) and RT P225H (16/175) as low-frequency variants.
Discussion: Here, sharing of specific DRMs at low within-host frequency (2%-19%), mainly RT D67N/G/E and P225H, between putative transmission pairs was observed relatively frequently (25 out of 66 clusters i
Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 Viral Load Is Elevated in Individuals With Reverse-Transcriptase Mutation M184V/I During Virological Failure of First-Line Antiretroviral Therapy and Is Associated With Compensatory Mutation L74I.
PMID: 31774913
2020
The Journal of infectious diseases
Method: Because some individuals may have been exposed to thymidine analogs before TDF-containing regimens, we excluded individuals with sequences containing TAMs:M41L, D67N, K70R, L210W, T215Y/F, and K219Q/E.
HIV-1 drug resistance testing is essential for heavily-treated patients switching from first- to second-line regimens in resource-limited settings: evidence from routine clinical practice in Cameroon.
Abstract: Thymidine-analogue mutations (TAMs)-1 [T215FY (46.53%), M41 L (22.77%), L210 W (8.91%)], with cross-resistance to AZT and TDF, were higher compared to TAMs-2 [D67N (21.78%), K70R (19.80%), K219QE (18.81%)].
Result: Of note, TAMs-1 were predominant (T215F/Y: 46.5%; M41 L: 22.8%; L210 W: 8.9%) and associated with higher levels of resistance to both AZT and TDF; as compared to TAMs-2 that had relatively lower prevalence (D67N: 21.8%; K70R: 19.8%; K219Q/E: 18.8%) and were associated preferentially with AZT/D4T-resistance.
Trends in the Molecular Epidemiology and Genetic Mechanisms of Transmitted Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Drug Resistance in a Large US Clinic Population.
Method: A subset of the NRTI-associated SDRMs were classified as thymidine analogue mutations (TAMs) including M41L, D67N/G, K70R, L210W, T215Y/F, K219Q/E/R/N, and the T215 revertants T215C/D/E/I/S/V (which evolve from T215F/Y in the absence of selective drug pressure).
Predicted antiviral activity of tenofovir versus abacavir in combination with a cytosine analogue and the integrase inhibitor dolutegravir in HIV-1-infected South African patients initiating or failing first-line ART.
PMID: 30380053
2019
The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy
Result: When DRM5% were assessed, double the number of NRTI mutations were found (n = 22), mostly represented by K65R (n = 4/22, 18.2%) and the TAMs D67N and K219EQ (Figure 1b).
Virological outcomes of boosted protease inhibitor-based first-line ART in subjects harbouring thymidine analogue-associated mutations as the sole form of transmitted drug resistance.
PMID: 30544247
2019
The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy
Method: TAMs comprised the RT mutations M41L, D67N/G/E, K70R, L210W, T215Y/F/rev and K219Q/E/N/R; T215rev comprised any change from T215 other than T215Y and T215F.
HIV mutation literature information.
PMID: 
2020
Medicine
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