Result: The most prevalent clinically important mutations for each drug class are as follows with the study sample prevalence: M184I (37%) (NRTI), E138AK (15%) (NNRTI), D30N (10%) (PI), and E138K (8%) (INSTI) (Figure 1).
Discussion: Each of these variants confers at least low-level resistance to one or more of the currently recommended ARV drugs, except D30N, which confers resistance to NFV, a discontinued PI.
Discussion: The clinically significant mutations with the highest prevalence among the study participants were M184I (37%) and E138AK (15
Brief Report: Bictegravir/Emtricitabine/Tenofovir Alafenamide Efficacy in Participants With Preexisting Primary Integrase Inhibitor Resistance Through 48 Weeks of Phase 3 Clinical Trials.
PMID: 34897227
2022
Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)
Table: D30D/N
Table: D30N
Drug Resistance Mutations in a Population Before Antiretroviral Therapy Initiation in Northern South Africa.
PMID: 34107774
2022
AIDS research and human retroviruses
Abstract: The most frequent SDRMs based on drug class were; K103N (7.9%-NNRTI), K65R (2.5%-NRTI), and D30N (0.8%-PI).
Molecular basis for reduced cleavage activity and drug resistance in D30N HIV-1 protease.
PMID: 34609269
2021
Journal of biomolecular structure & dynamics
Abstract: D30N mutation also significantly reduces cleavage activity of HIV-1 protease and affects viral fitness.
Abstract: A unique mutation observed frequently in patients treated with nelfinavir is D30N as it is selected exclusively by nelfinavir.
Abstract: Here, we have determined crystal structures of D30N HIV-1 protease in unliganded form and in complex with nelfinavir.
Abstract: The D30N mutation imparts very high resistance to nelfinavir but unlike other primary mutations does not give cross-resistance to the majority of other drugs.
Abstract: The decreased catalytic activity of D30N HIV-1 protease due to altered interaction with the substrates and reduced stability of folding core m
Transmitted HIV-1 drug resistance in a large international cohort using next-generation sequencing: results from the Strategic Timing of Antiretroviral Treatment (START) study.
Discussion: The detection of some DRMs predominately at low levels is likely due to impaired viral fitness, which has been described for mutations such as M184VI and D30N.
Discussion: Within the PI-related DRMs, the same picture emerged, with M46IL and D30N predominately seen as minor variants, whereas L90M (associated with saquinavir resistance), if present, dominated the quasispecies.
Discussion: study, a similar pattern was observed, with the M46IL and D30N detected predominately as minor variants while the majority of L90M mutations occurred above the 20% threshold.
Drug resistance mutations in HIV provirus are associated with defective proviral genomes with hypermutation.
Abstract: Certain Apolipoprotein B Editing Complex 3-related DRMs including reverse transcriptase gene mutations M184I, E138K, M230I, G190E and protease gene mutations M46I, D30N were enriched in hypermutated sequences but not in intact sequences or plasma sequences.
HIV Drug Resistance Mutations Detection by Next-Generation Sequencing during Antiretroviral Therapy Interruption in China.
Result: Within a year, some minority DRMs at frequencies 1%-10% remained unchanged, including: PI-related D30N, M46LI, I54VT and N88D, NRTI-related K65R and NNRTI-related Y188CHL.
Discussion: Four DRMs including D30N (1), M46I (2) and N88D (1) were detected in protease in four participants at a 5%-15% frequency, in addition to one Q58E at a frequency above 90%.
Phylogenetic and Drug-Resistance Analysis of HIV-1 Sequences From an Extensive Paediatric HIV-1 Outbreak in Larkana, Pakistan.
Result: Similarly, DRM PI:N88D, associated with resistance against protease inhibitors (PI), such as atazanavir/ritonavir, and tipranavir/ritonavir was observed in two treatment-experienced participants, while DRMs PI:M46L, PI:D30N, PI:N83D, PI:K43T, PI:G73S, PI:L33F were seen in one treatment-experienced individual each (Table 3).
Table: D30N
Correlation of HIV-1 drug resistant mutations and virologic failure.
PMID: 34584606
2021
The Pan African medical journal
Introduction: These mutations included M184V, K65R,D67N,K70R,K219Q,Q151M, T215F, M41L, T69N, V75M, M41L, T69N, V75M, D67G, V75M, M184I, T215N, M41LM, T215N, K219N,210W, T215Y as NRTIs; K103N/S
Trend of HIV-1 drug resistance in China: A systematic review and meta-analysis of data accumulated over 17 years (2001-2017).
HIV mutation literature information.
PMID: 
2022
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