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 HIV mutation literature information.


  Impact of HIV type 1 subtype on drug resistance mutations in Nigerian patients failing first-line therapy.
 PMID: 20964479       2011       AIDS research and human retroviruses
Abstract: Among NNRTI mutations, subtype G patients had an increased risk for A98G (AOR = 2.40, p = 0.036) and V106I (AOR = 6.15, p = 0.010), whereas subtype CRF02_AG patients had an increased risk for V90I (AOR = 3.16; p = 0.003) and a decreased risk for A98G (AOR = 0.48, p = 0.019).
Abstract: The most common NNRTI mutations were Y181C (49.7%), K103N (36.4%), G190A (26.3%), and A98G (19.5%).


  Impact of HIV-1 group O genetic diversity on genotypic resistance interpretation by algorithms designed for HIV-1 group M.
 PMID: 21233638       2011       Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)
Abstract: RESULTS: All HIV-O samples naturally exhibited the A98G and V179E resistance mutations in the reverse transcriptase region; 54% of samples presented the Y181C mutation, conferring resistance to nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors.


  Predicted susceptibility of etravirine in HIV patients experiencing virological failure secondary to non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor resistance in Argentina.
 PMID: 21592625       2011       Enfermedades infecciosas y microbiologia clinica
Abstract: ETR-RAMs were defined as V90I, A98G, L100I, K101E/H/P, V106I, E138A, V179D/F/T, Y181C/I/V, G190A/S, and M230L, and were analyzed according to the weighted mutation score to predict susceptibility (Vingerhoets 2008).
Abstract: Most frequent ETR-RAMs after failure with EFV: G190A (28.1%), K101E (14.9%), L100I (10.5%); and with NVP: Y181C (41.7%), G190A (30.6%) and A98G (13.9%).


  HIV-1 drug resistance at antiretroviral treatment initiation in children previously exposed to single-dose nevirapine.
 PMID: 21633285       2011       AIDS (London, England)
Result: NNRTI minor mutations were also detected, specifically E138A (n=20), V179D (n=7), V90I (n=3) and A98G (n=1), as well as the NNRTI-associated polymorphisms K101Q/T (n=3), E138G/S (n=3), V179A (n=2), H221Y (n=2) and L234P (n=1).


  High prevalence of HIV-1 drug resistance among patients on first-line antiretroviral treatment in Lome, Togo.
 PMID: 21663632       2011       Journal of the International AIDS Society
Table: A98G


  Prevalence and resistance mutations of non-B HIV-1 subtypes among immigrants in Southern Spain along the decade 2000-2010.
 PMID: 21871090       2011       Virology journal
Abstract: Major RT inhibitor resistance mutations K70R and A98G were present in one patient with subtype G, L100I in one patient with CRF01_AE, and K103N in another patient with CRF01_AE.
Result: Patient SE37, naive for antiretroviral treatment, had A98G and K70R major mutations associated with resistance to non-nucleoside Table: A98G


  Resistance patterns selected by nevirapine vs. efavirenz in HIV-infected patients failing first-line antiretroviral treatment: a bayesian analysis.
 PMID: 22132100       2011       PloS one
Result: Longer duration of failure was also significantly associated with higher risk of M184V (PP[OR>1] = 94%) and NNRTI mutations G190A (PP[OR>1] = 95%), K101E (PP[OR>1] = 94%) and A98G (PP[OR>1] = 99%).


  Resistance-associated mutations to etravirine (TMC-125) in antiretroviral-naive patients infected with non-B HIV-1 subtypes.
 PMID: 20008779       2010       Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
Abstract: Overall, 75 (10.3%) of 726 sequences harbored at least one ETR RAM: sequences from 72 patients (10%) each had one ETR RAM, and sequences from 3 patients (0.4%) each had two ETR RAMs (V90I and Y181C in one case and V90I and A98G in two cases).


  N348I in HIV-1 reverse transcriptase decreases susceptibility to tenofovir and etravirine in combination with other resistance mutations.
 PMID: 20010074       2010       AIDS (London, England)
Introduction: Since the presence of three or more NNRTI mutations V90I, A98G, L100I, K101E/P, V106I, V179D/F, Y181C/I/V and G190A/S results in no response to etravirine treatment, the presence of two of these NNRTI mutations and N348I at baseline may also reduce etravirine efficacy in vivo.


  Suboptimal etravirine activity is common during failure of nevirapine-based combination antiretroviral therapy in a cohort infected with non-B subtype HIV-1.
 PMID: 20163340       2010       Current HIV research
Abstract: The most common etravirine resistance associated mutations were Y181C (42.9%), G190A (25.3%), H221Y (19.8%), A98G (18.7%), K101E (16.5%), and V90I (12.1%).



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