Result: An example of the Gaussian reconstruction of the distance profile for M36I/A71V is shown in Figure 3A.
Result: For A71V, D30N/M36I, D30N/A71V, and M36I/A71V the most probable distance occurs at a shorter distance of ~ 33 A (solid line); which is a distance consistent with a closed-like or closed conformation.
Result: For A71V, D30N/M36I, M36I/A71V and D30N/M36I/A71V, a small but distinct peak in
Transmission patterns of HIV-subtypes A/AE versus B: inferring risk-behavior trends and treatment-efficacy limitations from viral genotypic data obtained prior to and during antiretroviral therapy.
Result: The latter differed significantly in the frequencies of the major resistance RT mutations T215FY and K219QE (NRTI) and of several secondary/accessory mutations, including: the protease mutations I13V, M36I, I62V, L63P, A71V, V77I, L89M and I93L (Table 6) and the RT mutations A98S, K101N, K103R and V179I (Table 5).
Table: PMID: 23365446
2013
Journal of virology
Abstract: Reduced affinity to both I50V/A71V and I50L/A71V double mutants is largely due to decreased binding entropy, which is compensated for by enhanced enthalpy for ATV binding to I50V variants and APV binding to I50L variants, leading to hypersusceptibility in these two cases.
Abstract: To explain how APV, DRV, and ATV susceptibility are influenced by mutations at residue 50 in HIV-1 protease, structural and binding thermodynamics studies were carried out on I50V/L-substituted protease variants in the compensatory mutation A71V background.
"Description of the L76V resistance protease mutation in HIV-1 B and ""non-B"" subtypes."
5Result: Likewise, this cluster was confirmed also in HIV-1 ""non-B"" sequences, where the major PI RAM L76V, M46I, I54L and I84V grouped together with the secondary one A71V (bootstrap value = 0.86)."
Impact of lopinavir/ritonavir use on antiretroviral resistance in recent clinical practice.
PMID: 22733652
2012
The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy
Abstract: Mutations in the protease gene significantly selected between baseline and failure were L10V, K20R, L33F, M36I, I47V, I54V, A71V and I85V (P < 0.05).
Drug resistance mutations in HIV pol sequences from Argentinean patients under antiretroviral treatment: subtype, gender, and age issues.
PMID: 21936717
2012
AIDS research and human retroviruses
Abstract: The most common DRMs were L10I, I54V, L90M, V82A, A71V, L10V, M46I, M184V, M41L, T215Y, D67N, L210W, K70R, N348I, V118I, K103N, Y181C, G190A, K101E, V108I, L100I, V90I, K101Q, and PR and L10I, G48V, L63P, A71V, G73S, V82A and I84V Single Mutants.
PMID: 22239286
2012
The journal of physical chemistry. B
Result: Thus, the lowest flexibility of I50L/A71V implies that the I50L/A71V-HIV-pr may have the highest binding affinity to TMC114 and tends to have the least drug resistance behavior.
Result: Thus, the mean of the distribution for I50L/A71V in chain B differ by ~1.7 A from WT and ~ 0.9 A from I50V.
Result: Whereas, for the double mutant I50L/A71V the mean and SD are 13.14 A and 1.04 A, respectively.
Result: While considerable overlaps exist in the three distributions, the distance between the flap tips were recognized to fluctuate more in the case of WT and I50V than in the double mutant
Prevalence of Drug Resistance and Associated Mutations in a Population of HIV-1(+) Puerto Ricans: 2006-2010.
Result: Statistically significant differences between men and women were recorded for A71V (P = 0.05) and L90M (P = 0.04) in 2006, and M36I (P = 0.005) in 2008.
Prevalence of HIV Drug Resistance Mutations in HIV Type 1 Isolates in Antiretroviral Therapy Naive Population from Northern India.
Result: Accessory minor PI mutations K20R, M36I, and H69K were seen in 7.3% (5/68), 97% (66/68), and 49% (33/68) patients, respectively; L63P, A71E, A71V, I13V, L10V, K45I, and K45R were observed in one patient each.
Differences in reversion of resistance mutations to wild-type under structured treatment interruption and related increase in replication capacity.
Introduction: The authors reported a faster rate of reversion for primary resistance mutations (K70R, M184I/V, T215Y/F in RT, and D30N, M46I/L, V82A, L90M in PR) compared to secondary mutations (M41L, D67N, T69D/N, L210W, K219Q/E in RT and L10I/V, L63P, A71V/T, V77I in PR)