Abstract: Accessory mutations were found in the PR gene at the following positions: L63P/V/T/A/I [153/345 (44.3%)], M36I/L [149/345 (43.2%)], L10I/F/V [82/345 (23.8%)], V77I [60/345 (17.4%)], A71V/T [11/345 (3.2%)], K20M/R [10/345 (2.9%)], and V82I [4/345 (1.2%)].
Drug resistance mutations and outcome of second-line treatment in patients with first-line protease inhibitor failure on nelfinavir-containing HAART.
Abstract: Primary mutations associated with substantial resistance to protease inhibitors were found in only five of 347 patients (1.4%) (M46V/L, I54V, V82A/I); all the other patients carried only secondary mutations (L10F/I/V, M36I, L63P, A71T/V, V77I).
Testing genotypic and phenotypic resistance in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 isolates of clade B and other clades from children failing antiretroviral therapy.
PMID: 12454144
2002
Journal of clinical microbiology
Abstract: Prevalence of known drug resistance mutations revealed slightly significant differences among B and non-B subtypes: L10I, 21 and 64%, K20R, 13 and 43%, M36I, 34 and 100%, L63P, 76 and 36%, A71V/T, 24 and 0%, and V77I, 32 and 0%, respectively, in the protease (0.0001 D67N, 38 and 8%, K70R, 33 and 0%, R211K, 49 and 85%, and K219Q/E, 31 and 0%, respectively, in the reverse transcriptase (0.0256
Comparative study of some energetic and steric parameters of the wild type and mutants HIV-1 protease: a way to explain the viral resistance.
PMID: 12169210
2002
Journal of cellular and molecular medicine
Abstract: Because, in vivo, the HIV-1 PR ( HIV-1 protease) present a high mutation rate we performed a comparative study of the energetic behaviors of the wild type HIV-1 PR and four type of mutants: Val82/Asn; Val82/Asp; Gln7/Lys, Leu33/Ile, Leu63/Ile; Ala71/Thr, Val82/Ala.
Virologic rebound on HAART in the context of low treatment adherence is associated with a low prevalence of antiretroviral drug resistance.
PMID: 12131564
2002
Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)
Abstract: In the viremic group, substitutions in HIV protease were detected most frequently in the following positions in subjects on indinavir (IDV): L10I/V (35.7%), M46I/L (35.7%), A71T/V (35.7%), V82A (42.9%); and for subjects on nelfinavir (NFV): D30N (50.0%), V77I (56.3%), N88D (37.5%).
Evolving patterns of HIV-1 resistance to antiretroviral agents in newly infected individuals.
Abstract: Hypersusceptibility to PI decreased from 18.3% to 5.4% (P = 0.02) while the amino acid substitutions in PR increased over time: M36I (6.6% to 19.7%) and A71V/T (3.9% to 15.8%).
Variant human immunodeficiency virus type 1 proteases and response to combination therapy including a protease inhibitor.
PMID: 11181376
2001
Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
Abstract: I93L, occurring in about 30% of untreated patients, may play a role, as A71V/T possibly does in ritonavir-treated patients.
Abstract: A71V/T was slightly associated with a poorer response to first-line ritonavir-based therapy.
Identification of genotypic changes in human immunodeficiency virus protease that correlate with reduced susceptibility to the protease inhibitor lopinavir among viral isolates from protease inhibitor-experienced patients.
Abstract: Two statistical tests showed that specific mutations at 11 amino acid positions in protease (L10F/I/R/V, K20M/R, L24I, M46I/L, F53L, I54L/T/V, L63P, A71I/L/T/V, V82A/F/T, I84V, and L90M) were associated with reduced susceptibility.
Analysis of HIV-1 mutation patterns in patients failing antiretroviral therapy.
PMID: 11170234
2001
Journal of clinical laboratory analysis
Abstract: The most frequent RT mutations were T215Y/F, M41L, and M184V (41.9, 40.8, and 40.8%, respectively), while L63P, L10R/V, and A71V/T (58, 41.9, and 34.4%, respectively) were the most represented protease substitutions.
HIV mutation literature information.
PMID: 
2003
AIDS (London, England)
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