Introduction: In the following years, other mutations observed on the a-determinant, which are considered as immune escape variants, including T116N, P120S/E, I/T126A/N/I/S, Q129H/R, M133L, K141E, P142S, and D144A/E, have also been reported.
Characterization of Antigen Escape Mutations in Chronic HBV-Infected Patients in Upper Egypt.
8Discussion: Several other studies reported other substitutions in the ""a"" determinant region and associated with vaccine escape, such as T116N, P120S/E, I/T126A/N/I/S, Q129H/R, M133L, K141E, and D144A/E."
In silico functional and structural characterization of hepatitis B virus PreS/S-gene in Iranian patients infected with chronic hepatitis B virus genotype D.
1Abstract: Results: We found major hydrophilic region (MHR) mutations at ""a"" determining region that included K122R, N131T, F134Y, P142L, and T126N mutations."
Introduction: This study attempted to identify mutations (K122R, N131T, F134Y, P142L, and T126N) in S gene, N-glycosylation sites (4, 112, 166, and 309), compare Ahvaz samples with isolates from other regions of the world using the phylogenetic tree, and investigate the tertiary structures of isolates.
Result: The results of our amino acid sequences of the preS/S gene
Prevalence of Potential Resistance Related Variants Among Chinese Chronic Hepatitis B Patients Not Receiving Nucleos(T)ide Analogues.
5Result: In the present study, the rt134 and rt153 variants led to the concomitant occurrence of ""a"" determinant mutations, including sT126A (n=5), sT126S (n=2), sT126N (n=1), and sG145R (n=1)."
"Occult Hepatitis B Virus Infection in Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients: Prevalence and Mutations in ""a"" Determinant."
PMID: 32922195
2020
International journal of medical sciences
8Discussion: According to the reports, the ""a"" determinant of OBI patients contains Gly145Arg/Ala/Ile/Trp/Glu (G145R/A/I/W/E), Leu109Arg (L109R), Gly119Arg (G119R), Pro120Thr (P120T), Lys122Ile (K122I), Thr126Asn (T126N), Thr127Arg (T127R), Gln129Asn (Q129N), Thr131Asn (T131N
Investigation of immune escape-associated mutations of hepatitis B virus in patients harboring hepatitis B virus drug-resistance mutations.
PMID: 32994690
2020
World journal of gastroenterology
Abstract: In particular, these mutations were sQ101H/K/R, sS114A/L/T, sT118A/K/M/R/S/V, sP120A/L/Q/S/T, sT/I126A/N/P/S, sM133I/L/T, sC137W/Y, sG145A/R, and sA159G/V.
Result: In particular, mutations were detected in 67/63
Molecular characterization of hepatitis B virus in blood donors in Botswana.
Result: Twelve mutations including diagnostic escape mutations (sY100C, sR122K, sT123A, sC124R, sM133T), vaccine escape mutations (sT126N, sQ129R, sM133L, sF134V) and immunoglobulin therapy failure (sG119R, sG130N, PMID: 29315352
2018
PloS one
Method: In addition, we looked for Vaccine Escape Mutants (VEMs) and polymorphic mutations outside (Y100C, Q101H, S117N, T118R and P120S) and within the HBsAg immuno-dominant 'a' determinant (I/T126A/N, A128V, Q129H/R, G130N, M133L/T, K141E, S143L, D144A/H/E and G145R).
Immune-escape mutations and stop-codons in HBsAg develop in a large proportion of patients with chronic HBV infection exposed to anti-HBV drugs in Europe.
ViMRT
HBV mutation literature information.
PMID: 
2022
PloS one
