Introduction: The major ADV resistant mutants were rtN236T and rtA181T/V.
Virological response to adefovir monotherapy and the risk of adefovir resistance.
PMID: 21941420
2011
World journal of gastroenterology
Abstract: RESULTS: At week 48 and 96, eight (10%) and 14 (18%) of 77 LAM-resistant patients developed the ADV-resistant strain (rtA181V/T and/or rtN236T mutations), respectively.
Frequency and mutation patterns of resistance in patients with chronic hepatitis B infection treated with nucleos(t)ide analogs in add-on and switch strategies.
Abstract: The most common LAM and ETV resistance mutations were rtM204I/V, rtL180M and rtT184A/I/S, respectively, while rtA181T/V and rtN236T substitutions were the most frequently observed ADV resistance mutations.
Result: N236T) were most frequently detected.
Result: The ADV-associated mutations rtA181T/V, rtN236T, and rtA181T + PMID: 19550344
2010
European journal of gastroenterology & hepatology
Abstract: In contrast, of the 11 patients treated with ADV, three patients developed mutations (rtN236T; rtA181V; rtA181V plus rtN236T).
Naturally occurring amino-acid substitutions to nucleos(t)ide analogues in treatment naive Turkish patients with chronic hepatitis B.
Abstract: Each amino-acid substitution appeared alone and included rtA194T, rtV214A, rtQ215S, rtI233V and rtN236T.
Hepatitis B viral surface mutations in patients with adefovir resistant chronic hepatitis B with A181T/V polymerase mutations.
PMID: 20119580
2010
Journal of Korean medical science
Discussion: Drug resistant mutations to ADV have been reported mainly in the HBV polymerase domain D rtN236T or the domain B rtA181V/T.
Discussion: Whereas a domain D rtN236T mutation does not overlap with the envelope gene, a mutation at rtA181T can result in a stop mutation in the envelope region of the S gene (sW172stop).
Mechanistic characterization and molecular modeling of hepatitis B virus polymerase resistance to entecavir.
Method: Additional HBV-RT homology models were constructed with the LVD (M204V+L1
Discussion: In contrast, resistance to adefovir leading to virologic breakthrough can arise from either A181 V or T substitutions, or N236T.
Discussion: Modeling studies suggest that the N236T change may indirectly affect binding of the terminal gamma-phosphate of adefovir-diphosphate and changes at A181 of the alpha helix adjacent to the YMDD active site loop likely affect the position of the YMDD loop itself or the nucleotide in the +1 position through interactions of A181V or T with the M204 S-methyl moiety of the YMDD loop.
Establishment of a new quantitative detection approach to adefovir-resistant HBV and its clinical application.
PMID: 20222172
2010
World journal of gastroenterology
Abstract: Among the 32 clinical patients, single rtA181 and rtN236T mutation and double rtA181T and rtN236T mutations were detected in 20 and 8, respectively, while ADV-resistant mutations in 6 (including, rtA181V/T mutation alone in 5 patients) and no associated mutations in 26.
Abstract: METHODS: Based on the characteristics of rtA181V/T and rtN236T mutations, a new approach based on real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was established for the detection of ADV-resistant HBV quasispecies, to
Hepatitis B virus drug resistance in HIV-1-infected patients taking lamivudine-containing antiretroviral therapy.
Abstract: All 19 patients with HBV-DR had lamivudine resistance with the mutations as follows: M204V/I (95%), L180M/A181T (95%), L80V/I (47%), V173L (32%), and N236T (21%).
Application of hepatitis B virus replication mouse model.
PMID: 20419834
2010
World journal of gastroenterology
Abstract: To identify the model's value in a replication ability study of HBV drug-resistant mutants and a HBx-minus mutant, telbivudine resistance mutants (rtM204I, ayw subtype), adefovir resistance mutants (rtA181V + rtN236T, ayw subtype) and HBx-minus mutants were injected respectively, and their corresponding HBV DNA replication intermediates in mouse liver were assessed.
HBV mutation literature information.
PMID: 
2011
BMC cancer
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