Method: As previously described, we used the Mutation Reporter Tool (MRT) software (http://hvdr.bioinf.wits.ac.za/mrt/) to look for HBV resistance-associated mutations (RAMs) in the Polymerase catalytic domain represented by major RAMs (A181T/V/S, A194T, M204V/I/S and N236T) and compensatory RAMs (I169T, V173L, L180M, S202G/I and M250V.
Evolution of drug-resistant mutations in HBV genomes in patients with treatment failure during the past seven years (2010-2016).
Abstract: Among the primary NA-resistant mutations, rtM204I (13.44%, 545/4055) occurred more frequently, followed by rtM204V, rtN236T, rtA181T, and rtA181V.
Abstract: For single-base mutations, rtL180M and rtA181V increased gradually during the past seven years, while rtM204I/V and rtN236T decreased after 2015.
Hepatitis B virus rtA181T/sW172non-stop mutation may increase resistance fold to adefovir- and entecavir-resistant mutants compared to rtA181T/sW172* mutation.
Abstract: 44.33% (524/1182) rtA181T-positive samples were detected with signature drug-resistant mutations, including 325 with adefovir-resistant mutation rtA181V/N236T, 57 with lamivudine-resistant mutation rtM204V/I, 99 with entecavir-resistant mutation rtM204V/I plus rt184/202/250 substitution(s), and 43 with multidrug-resistant mutation rtA181V/N236T + rtM204V/I +- rt184/202/250 substitution(s).
Abstract:
Trends in hepatitis B virus resistance to nucleoside/nucleotide analogues in North China from 2009-2016: A retrospective study.
PMID: 29654894
2018
International journal of antimicrobial agents
Abstract: whereas M204I and N236T were more predominant in genotype B than genotype C (40.3% vs.
Naturally occurring hepatitis B virus reverse transcriptase mutations related to potential antiviral drug resistance and liver disease progression.
PMID: 29713126
2018
World journal of gastroenterology
Method: Our literature based pooled incidence data showed that of primary drug resistance mutations, M204I/V is the most frequently encountered in treatment-naive patients (5.89%), which was far more than the pooled mutation rate of rtA181T/V, rtS202C/G/I and rtN236T (incidence: 1.16%, 0.85% and 0.81%, respectively).
Table: N236T
A systematic review of hepatitis B virus (HBV) drug and vaccine escape mutations in Africa: A call for urgent action.
Introduction: HBV resistance to TDF is not well characterised, but there are emerging data from in vitro studies associating Pol mutations rtA194T and rtN236T with decreased susceptibility.
Result: Although TDF has a high genetic barrier to resistance, and is associated with reliable suppression of HBV viraemia, mutations rtN236T and rtA194T, which have been linked with resistance to both TDF and ADV, have been identified in Southern Africa in both treatment naive and treatment experienced patients.
Discussion: A European study demonstrated that the most frequent primary mutation was rtM204V/I
In Vitro Anti-hepatitis B Virus Activity of 2',3'-Dideoxyguanosine.
Abstract: Furthermore, using a transient transfection assay, DoG showed similar antiviral activity against HBV wild-type, 3TC-resistant rtA181V, and adefovir-resistant rtN236T mutants.
Immune-escape mutations and stop-codons in HBsAg develop in a large proportion of patients with chronic HBV infection exposed to anti-HBV drugs in Europe.
Result: The only primary drug-resistance mutations detected were rtM204I (0.4%, 1/245) and rtN236T (0.4%, 1/245), while the only secondary mutations detected were rtL180M and rtV173L, each present in 0.4% of patients.
Discovery of the Novel Entecavir-Resistant Hepatitis B Virus Reverse Transcriptase A181C Substitution From an Integrated Genotypic Analysis.
Result: HBV rtA181V/T and rtA181V/T+rtN236T substitutions, in addition to conferring reduced susceptibility to ADV and TDF,( 24, 25 ) have also been reported to confer reduced susceptibility to LVD and LdT.( 26, 27 ) One patient (Pt23) harbored the novel emergent substitution rtA181C in combination with LVDr substitutions rtL180M+rtM204V.
Table: N236T
Comparison of Detection Rate and Mutational Pattern of Drug-Resistant Mutations Between a Large Cohort of Genotype B and Genotype C Hepatitis B Virus-Infected Patients in North China.
PMID: 27792585
2017
Microbial drug resistance (Larchmont, N.Y.)
Abstract: For adefovir-resistant mutations, HBV/C-infected patients had a higher detection rate of rtA181 V (HBV/C 5.29% vs. HBV/B 1.36%, p < 0.01) and a lower detection rate of rtN236T (2.70% vs. 6.54%, p < 0.01).
HBV mutation literature information.
PMID: 
2018
PloS one
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