Discussion: In addition, L109R/V mutations were present in 2/10 samples and have been related to HBV vaccine escape and virus evasion to the host immune system.
In silico functional and structural characterization of hepatitis B virus PreS/S-gene in Iranian patients infected with chronic hepatitis B virus genotype D.
Result: The results of our amino acid sequences of the preS/S gene compared to consensus genes showed several mutations at position L109R, T113S, K122R, T126N, N131T, F134Y, P142L, W163R and R169P of the major hydrophilic region (MHR).
"Occult Hepatitis B Virus Infection in Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients: Prevalence and Mutations in ""a"" Determinant."
PMID: 32922195
2020
International journal of medical sciences
8Discussion: According to the reports, the ""a"" determinant of OBI patients contains Gly145Arg/Ala/Ile/Trp/Glu (G145R/A/I/W/E), Leu109Arg (L109R), Gly119Arg (G119R), Pro120Thr (P120T), Lys122Ile (K122I), Thr126Asn (T126N), Thr127Arg (T127R), Gln129Asn (Q129N), Thr131Asn (T131N
Patterns of hepatitis B virus S gene escape mutants and reverse transcriptase mutations among genotype D isolates in Jordan.
8Discussion: In the case of the L109R mutation, leucine is a nonpolar, hydrophobic amino acid, in contrast to arginine, a hydrophilic and charged residue; although this mutation is located outside of the ""a"" determinant but within the B-cell epitope of the MHR, it classifies as a potential escape variant."
Abstract: Other mutations were found, L109R and G130E, located in critical positions of the HBsAg sequence.
Table: L109R
Table: arginine instead of leucine in residue 109
Discussion: The present study identified two HBV escape mutants (G145R, W156*), and two potential escape mutants (L109R and G130E) in a child a
Molecular Characterization of Pre-Core/Core and S Region of Hepatitis B Virus in Hemodialysis Patients With Occult Hepatitis B Infection.
PMID: 26587212
2015
Jundishapur journal of microbiology
Discussion: determined three different S gene mutations (L109R, C137W, G145R) in a patient with occult hepatitis B, which led to false negative results for HBsAg but positive for HBsAb.
Reactivation of an occult hepatitis B virus escape mutant in an anti-HBs positive, anti-HBc negative lymphoma patient.
Abstract: The virus exhibited three S gene mutations (L109R, C137W, G145R) which led to false negative HBsAg results and diminished binding of vaccine-induced anti-HBs.
HBV mutation literature information.
PMID: 
2022
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