Discussion: However, G1896A or A1762T/G1764A mutations were not found in this patient with genotype C HBV by DNA sequencing, while A1727T, C1730G and C1799G mutations were found in BCP region, which were reported to be associated significantly with cirrhosis.
rt269I Type of Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) Polymerase versus rt269L Is More Prone to Mutations within HBV Genome in Chronic Patients Infected with Genotype C2: Evidence from Analysis of Full HBV Genotype C2 Genome.
Introduction: In particular, we showed that rt269I-type infection versus rt269L-type infection leads to enhanced mitochondrial stress-mediated type I interferon (IFN-I) production, resulting in HBV e antigen (HBeAg)-negative infections by generating preC mutations at 1896 (G to A).
Table: G1896A
Spontaneous reactivation of hepatitis B virus with a frameshift mutation in the precore region in an elderly hepatitis B virus carrier with lifestyle-related diseases.
PMID: 33959934
2021
Clinical journal of gastroenterology
Abstract: Her HBV genome was typed as subgenotype B1 and possessed a frameshift mutation due to an insertion of T after nucleotide (nt) 1817 and G to A mutations at nt 1896 and nt 1899 (G1896A/G1899A) in the precore region as well as serine to glutamine substitution of amino acid 21 in the core protein.
LCR based quick detection of hotspot G1896A mutation in patients with different spectrum of hepatitis B.
PMID: 33857724
2021
Journal of infection and public health
Abstract: G1896A switch is one of the hotspots in subjects affected with hepatitis B.
Abstract: Almost 29% (24/82) of the cases remarkably had the presence of G1896A mutation confirmed by LCR and direct sequencing.
Abstract: Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Nucleotide Sequencing was done to identify the G1896A mutation in the precore region of the genome.
Abstract: The precore G1896A mutation is responsible for one third of the patients suffering from precore stop codon mutation.
Hepatitis B virus genome diversity in adolescents: Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate treatment effect and HBeAg serocon version.
Abstract: The basal core promoter (BCP) variants, A1762T and G1764A, and the pC variant, G1896A, were most often enriched at or after seroconversion.
Increased hepatitis B virus quasispecies diversity is correlated with liver fibrosis progression.
PMID: 34029727
2021
Infection, genetics and evolution
Abstract: Specific mutations, such as A1762T, G1764A and G1896A, in the BCP/PC region were more common in patients with advanced liver disease and formed the majority of the viral quasispecies pool in patients with LC and HCC.
Molecular characterization of hepatitis B virus basal core promoter and precore region of isolates from chronic hepatitis B patients.
PMID: 34111075
2021
JPMA. The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association
Abstract: Precore stop codon mutation G1896A was detected in 19 (38%) isolates; 17(34%) among negative patients and 2(4%) in positive patients.
The genetic variability of hepatitis B virus subgenotype F1b precore/core gene is related to the outcome of the acute infection.
Abstract: Mutations T1753C, A1762T, G1764A, C1766T, T1768A G1896A, G2092T and T2107C were associated with acute liver failure and progression to chronic hepatitis.
Hepatitis B virus drug resistance mutations in HIV/HBV co-infected children in Windhoek, Namibia.
Result: Pre-C genomic changes were found in three samples: G1862T in sample 2C, and mixed populations of stop codon G1896A mutant and wild-type virus (W28*W) in samples 3C and 6C.
Table: G1896A/G
Discussion: The Pre-C stop codon G1896A (W28*) mutation, observed in two children, interrupts HBeAg production.
Differences in HBV Replication, APOBEC3 Family Expression, and Inflammatory Cytokine Levels Between Wild-Type HBV and Pre-core (G1896A) or Basal Core Promoter (A1762T/G1764A) Mutants.
Introduction: The G1896A pre-core mutation introduces a premature stop codon in the precore/core HBV transcript resulting in abrogated HBeAg production.
Result: Similarly, the analyzed cytokines/chemokines were comparable in the individuals with predominantly G1896A variant (Supplementary Figures S6, S7).
Figure: HBeAg was decreased in mutant compared to wild-type and dif
Discussion: It is intriguing to note that a consistent elevation of numerous immune markers was observed, as well as elevated ALT, within the G1896A variant which might suggest overall heightened immune activity and hepatic inflammation within these individuals.
HBV mutation literature information.
PMID: 
2021
Infection and drug resistance
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