Result: G145A/R had an overall prevalence of 1.3% (37/2837) and had the highest prevalence in genotype C at 2.2% (24/1102; p = 0.002), and in Asia at 1.6% (34/2109; p = 0.009); this is the best recognized VEM (Figure 2A).
Result: Branches with VEM G145R were estimated to emerge around the year 1930 (95% HPD 1866-1958).
Result: Other VEMs that had an overall prevalence of >1% were T118A/R/V,
Discussion: The global prevalence of the VEM G145A/R in our data was 1.3%, which is comparable to a previous report across genotypes A-F.
Discussion: Using phylogenetic dating, we estimate that RAMs M204V and L180M, and VEM G145R were already present around the mid 20th century.
Molecular characteristics of HBV infection among blood donors tested HBsAg reactive in a single ELISA test in southern China.
Result: In addition, immune escape mutants containing Q129H, T131I/T, G145R, and E164V were also found in these S sequences.
Result: Several mutations associated with the interference of HBsAg detection, such as mutations in the major hydrophilic region (MHR), including Q129H, T131I, M133L/S/T, F134L, T143M, and G145R, and mutations outside the MHR, including Y100C, L175S, and Y103I, were found in S genes among
Comprehensive Analysis of Clinically Significant Hepatitis B Virus Mutations in Relation to Genotype, Subgenotype and Geographic Region.
Result: In particular, significant differences in the frequency of G145R were observed within genotypes C and D, with the highest rates recorded for subgenotypes C6-C15 and D2 (34 and 8.2%, P < 0.001 for both; Tables 2-6).
Result: Notably, G145R was only detected in genotypes G (5.0%), D (2.5%), C (2.1%), and B (0.2%) (P < 0.001) (Table 1).
Result: The most common substitutions were I/T126S (1.8%), G145R (1.2%), M133T (1.2%), Q129R (1.0%), I/T126A (0.8%), and P120T (0.8%).
Result: These major mutations were more frequent in genotypes A (P120T, 3.2%), B (I/T126A, 2.8%; Q129R
Investigation of immune escape-associated mutations of hepatitis B virus in patients harboring hepatitis B virus drug-resistance mutations.
PMID: 32994690
2020
World journal of gastroenterology
Abstract: In particular, these mutations were sQ101H/K/R, sS114A/L/T, sT118A/K/M/R/S/V, sP120A/L/Q/S/T, sT/I126A/N/P/S
Discussion: This is supported by a previous study demonstrating that two classical immune escape-associated mutations, sG145R and sP120T, significantly reduce HBsAg production and increase the replication capacity of LAM-resistant HBV mutants.
Occult HBV infection in patients with autoimmune hepatitis: A virological and clinical study.
PMID: 31153830
2020
Journal of microbiology, immunology, and infection
Abstract: In addition to those already reported OBI-associated AA substitutions (e.g., sG145R and sV184A), some new OBI-associated AA substitutions (e.g., sV106A, sC137* and sL176P) were found in AIH patients in our study.
Detection of circulating hepatitis B virus immune escape and polymerase mutants among HBV-positive patients attending Institut Pasteur de Bangui, Central African Republic.
PMID: 31682960
2020
International journal of infectious diseases
Discussion: sG145R is the most identified of the HBV IEMs and has been well-characterized, but was not identified in this study.
Discussion: Many studies (Protzer-Knolle et al.,; Beckebaum et al.,; Cheung et al.,) have demonstrated that M133T itself is frequently associated with occult HBV infection and is also often associated with some mutations in the 'a' determinant such as G130N, F134L, D144A, D144G, G145A, G145K, and G145R or failed hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG) prophylaxis.
A Hyper-Glycosylation of HBV Surface Antigen Correlates with HBsAg-Negativity at Immunosuppression-Driven HBV Reactivation in Vivo and Hinders HBsAg Recognition in Vitro.
5Result: In the present study, the rt134 and rt153 variants led to the concomitant occurrence of ""a"" determinant mutations, including sT126A (n=5), sT126S (n=2), sT126N (n=1), and sG145R (n=1)."
"Occult Hepatitis B Virus Infection in Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients: Prevalence and Mutations in ""a"" Determinant."
PMID: 32922195
2020
International journal of medical sciences
8Discussion: According to the reports, the ""a"" determinant of OBI patients contains Gly145Arg/Ala/Ile/Trp/Glu (G145R/A/I/W/E), Leu109Arg (L109R), Gly119Arg (G119R), Pro120Thr (P120T), Lys122Ile (K122I), Thr126Asn (T126N), Thr127Arg (T127R), Gln129Asn (Q129N), Thr131Asn (T131N
A recombinant human immunoglobulin with coherent avidity to hepatitis B virus surface antigens of various viral genotypes and clinical mutants.
Result: G145K and G145R, well-known immune escape mutants, both showing low expression, also showed a consistent binding to Lenvervimab.
Result: In contrast, the polyclonal anti-HBsAg antibody signal was severely reduced in several mutants within the 2nd loop of 'a' determinant, such as K141I, P142L/S, D144A/E, G145K/R, N146S and T148I.
Result: The most common and stable one is G145R, the postvaccination immune escape mutant first found in a child born from a carrier mother.
Discussion: The immune escape mutant G145R is a notable one foun
HBV mutation literature information.
PMID: 
2021
Journal of viral hepatitis
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