Discussion: Although the existence and circulation of escape mutants was already reported in 1990, the first case reported in Nigeria was the G145K/R escape mutation, detected in an asymptomatic pregnant woman in Ibadan, Oyo State, among samples collected in 2012.
Detection of circulating hepatitis B virus immune escape and polymerase mutants among HBV-positive patients attending Institut Pasteur de Bangui, Central African Republic.
PMID: 31682960
2020
International journal of infectious diseases
Discussion: Many studies (Protzer-Knolle et al.,; Beckebaum et al.,; Cheung et al.,) have demonstrated that M133T itself is frequently associated with occult HBV infection and is also often associated with some mutations in the 'a' determinant such as G130N, F134L, D144A, D144G, G145A, G145K, and G145R or failed hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG) prophylaxis.
A recombinant human immunoglobulin with coherent avidity to hepatitis B virus surface antigens of various viral genotypes and clinical mutants.
Result: G145K and G145R, well-known immune escape mutants, both showing low expression, also showed a consistent binding to Lenvervimab.
Result: In contrast, the polyclonal anti-HBsAg antibody signal was severely reduced in several mutants within the 2nd loop of 'a' determinant, such as K141I, P142L/S, D144A/E, G145K/R, N146S and T148I.
Nearly half of Ultrio plus NAT non-discriminated reactive blood donors were identified as occult HBV infection in South China.
Abstract: Most OBI strains were wild-type HBV, but some substitutions V168A, S174 N, V177A, Q129R/L/H, G145A/R in S region of genotype B (OBIB) and T47K/V/A, P49H/L, Q101R/H/K, S174 N, L175S, V177A, T118 M/R/K, G145R/A/K/E, R160K/N in S region of genotype C (OBIC) strains were identified in high frequency.
Hepatitis B infection among HIV infected individuals in Gabon: Occult hepatitis B enhances HBV DNA prevalence.
Result: However, 60% of our strains had the S143T polymorphic mutation followed by G145K and K141R (for 2 patients) and M133I and D144N (for one patient) (Fig 4, Table 4).
Table: G145K
Discussion: However, we found 20% of patient with G145K and K141R mutations, usually incriminated in the immune escape, mainly in patients with mutations for 3TC resistance.
A systematic review of hepatitis B virus (HBV) drug and vaccine escape mutations in Africa: A call for urgent action.
Result: Another significant VEM, sG145K/R, was identified in six studies and sM133L/T, associated with VEM, immunoglobulin and diagnostic escape mutation, was identified in seven studies (Fig 2).
Effects of amino acid substitutions in hepatitis B virus surface protein on virion secretion, antigenicity, HBsAg and viral DNA.
Introduction: However, some newly discovered SHBs mutations were under quantitated by the Architect assay, whereas sP142L, sP142S and sG145K mutations yielded lower results in the Elecsys system when compared with those obtained with the Architect system.
Investigation of a Novel Hepatitis B Virus Surface Antigen (HBsAg) Escape Mutant Affecting Immunogenicity.
Discussion: found no reactivity of HBsAg using two commercial diagnostic assays whose sequences had simultaneous mutations at various positions, including an amino acid at 100 (Y100S), and this may have been due to mutations at other sites (T118V/R122K/M133I/Y134N/P142S/S143L/G145K).
Evaluation of the G145R Mutant of the Hepatitis B Virus as a Minor Strain in Mother-to-Child Transmission.
5Result: These findings suggested that strong immunological pressure influencing the entire ""a"" determinant region was needed to produce the G145R/K mutant as a major population."
8Discussion: Deep sequencing showed that the highest frequency of amino acid changes, including minor populations in the ""a"" determinant region, was observed in patients who had the G145R or G145K mutant as a predominant strain."
Result
Result: Of the 25 patients belonging to the breakthrough cohort, however, 2 (8%) had the G145R mutant (GGA AGA) and one (4%) had the G145K mutant (GGA AAA).
Result: The highest frequency of amino acid changes was observed in children with the G145R/K mutant as a major population.
Table: G145K
Impact of HBV genotypes A and D genetic variability on infection evolution.
PMID: 25989376
2015
Infection, genetics and evolution
1Abstract: Mutations associated with immune-escape (T131N, D144A/E, G145K), amino acid polymorphisms in ""a determinant"" domain of S protein and mutations/deletions in preC/C region were found in isolates from acute and chronic hepatitis B cases."
HBV mutation literature information.
PMID: 
2021
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