Introduction: (n = 187) had reported a rate of 31% cases with point-mutation in the immunodominant 'a' region, especially two major vaccine escape mutations with minor rates as G145A/R (2.2%) and P120L/Q/S/T (5.3%) had been detected.
Table: G145R/A
Characterization of Antigen Escape Mutations in Chronic HBV-Infected Patients in Upper Egypt.
Discussion: In addition, this study shows the presence of different vaccine mutants circulating among Egyptian CHB patients, some mutants such as G145R/A, and D144E/A are recognized as the commonly known vaccine escape mutants.
Discussion: In the region aa124-147, we found 6 different mutations at the positions 126 (T126S), 129 (Q129R), 133 (M133T), 143 (S143L), 144 (D144E/A) and 145 (G145R/A).
Discussion: Ma and Wang reported that eight mutations (P120T, T126S, Q129H, G130N, PMID: 33893696
2021
Journal of viral hepatitis
Introduction: G145A/R is the best described mutation associated with resistance to HBV vaccine/HBIg.
Method: K141E/I/R and G145A/R have the strongest evidence base of clinical and in vitro data to support HBV vaccine resistance, while other VEMs are considered putative, as they are supported by less robust data.
Method: We also considered eight VEMs (C139S, S/T140I, P142S, S/T143L/M, D144A/E/G/N, G145A/E/R, K141A/I/R and C147S) which are located within the epitope region neutralized by the HBV vaccine (aa139-1
Occult and active hepatitis B virus detection in donated blood in Sao Paulo, Brazil.
Abstract: Among them, T123N, G145A, and D144G high-impact immune escape mutations were identified.
Case of hepatitis B virus reactivation after ibrutinib therapy in which the patient remained negative for hepatitis B surface antigens throughout the clinical course.
Abstract: Interestingly, the patient remained negative for HBsAg throughout the clinical course owing to triple HBsAg escape mutations: Q101K, M133L, and G145A.
Investigation of immune escape-associated mutations of hepatitis B virus in patients harboring hepatitis B virus drug-resistance mutations.
PMID: 32994690
2020
World journal of gastroenterology
Abstract: In particular, these mutations were sQ101H/K/R, sS114A/L/T, sT118A/K/M/R/S/V, sP120A/L/Q/S/T, sT/I126A/N/P/S, sM133I/L/T, sC137W/Y, sG145A/R, and sA159G/V.
Result: In particular, mutations were detected in 67/63
"Occult Hepatitis B Virus Infection in Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients: Prevalence and Mutations in ""a"" Determinant."
PMID: 32922195
2020
International journal of medical sciences
8Discussion: According to the reports, the ""a"" determinant of OBI patients contains Gly145Arg/Ala/Ile/Trp/Glu (G145R/A/I/W/E), Leu109Arg (L109R), Gly119Arg (G119R), Pro120Thr (P120T), Lys122Ile (K122I), Thr126Asn (T126N), Thr127Arg (T127R), Gln129Asn (Q129N), Thr131Asn (T131N
Detection of circulating hepatitis B virus immune escape and polymerase mutants among HBV-positive patients attending Institut Pasteur de Bangui, Central African Republic.
PMID: 31682960
2020
International journal of infectious diseases
Discussion: Many studies (Protzer-Knolle et al.,; Beckebaum et al.,; Cheung et al.,) have demonstrated that M133T itself is frequently associated with occult HBV infection and is also often associated with some mutations in the 'a' determinant such as G130N, F134L, D144A, D144G, G145A, G145K, and G145R or failed hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG) prophylaxis.
Evaluation of the pol/S Gene Overlapping Mutations in Chronic Hepatitis B Patients in Northern Cyprus.
PMID: 31880877
2019
Polish journal of microbiology
HBV mutation literature information.
PMID: 
2022
PloS one
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