Abstract: Various mutations existed within the S gene; in five patients four known escape mutations including the common G145R and D144E were found.
Table: D144E
Discussion: The other four mutations found in the a determinant-T126S, P127S, D144E, and G145R-are known escape mutants and were detected in five Palestinian D1 samples accounting for 12.5% of the total 40 samples.
Discussion: Two of these samples presented with the escape mutations D144E and G145R simultaneously, while the other three samples presented with one single escape mutation each; G145R,
Spontaneous HBsAg loss in Korean patients: relevance of viral genotypes, S gene mutations, and covalently closed circular DNA copy numbers.
PMID: 25320728
2014
Clinical and molecular hepatology
Abstract: Functional analysis via transfection experiments indicate that the C139R and D144E mutations drastically reduced HBsAg antigenicity, while the Y225del mutation found in one interferon-treated patient impaired HBsAg secretion.
Abstract: The mutations include T123S, M125I/N, C139R, D144E, V177A, L192F, and W196L, some of which have not been reported before.
Result: 2A suggests that C139R (clone 22) and D144E (clone 21) are the likely mutations responsible for impaired PMID: 24835494
2014
PloS one
Result: The classical diagnostic/vaccine escape mutations, G145R and D144E, could not be detected.
Discussion: However, in this domain (loop 2) the most prominent vaccine escape mutations sG145R and sD144E/A were not found in the patient collective.
Discussion: Other vaccine escape mutations, especially the G145R and D144E/A mutation, could not been detected.
Discussion: The best-described and stable vaccine escape mutations are the sG145R, sD144E/A, and sP120T mutations
Molecular characterization of HBV strains circulating among the treatment-naive HIV/HBV co-infected patients of eastern India.
Result: In addition, other mutations such as Y100D, Q101R/H, M103V/I, D144E and G145S was also found within the major hydrophilic loop (MHL) of the S gene.
Discussion: Several amino acid substitutions within the major hydrophilic loop were observed in our study population which included Y100D, Q101R/H, M103V/I, T125M, A128V, M133L, D144E and G145S.
Spontaneous reactivation of hepatitis B virus replication in an HIV coinfected patient with isolated anti-Hepatitis B core antibodies.
Abstract: Multiple mutations occurred in the S gene during the flare-up of HBV as shown by sequencing, including I103T, K122R, M133I, F134V, D144E, V164E and L175S.
Result: More aa substitutions were found, including I103T, M133I, F134V, D144E, V164E and L175S in the HBsAg (Table 2) and T45S, N122D, V133G/N and W144G in t
[HBV vaccine escape mutations in a chronic hepatitis B patient treated with nucleos(t)ide analogues].
Abstract: However, multiple HBV vaccine-escape mutations (sS143T + sD144E + sG145R + sE164D + sI195M) have been determined on the HBV overlapping pol/S gene region.
Late HBsAg seroreversion of mutated hepatitis B virus after bone marrow transplantation.
Abstract: Despite living without immunosuppressive agents for more than 40 months, she developed a fulminant HBV infection with detection of a mutated hepatitis B virus carrying two immune escape mutations (D144E/G145R) in the HBsAg (HBsIE mutation).
Conclusion: Surprisingly, in both samples (genotype D) two identical mutations (D144E and G145R, described in literature as HBsIE mutations) were identified.
Discussion: The D144E mutation may have been acquired during replication under immune selective pressure.
Discussion: The presence of an uncommon double mutation (D144E/G145R) in HBsAg may indicate HBV reinfection
Hepatitis B reactivation in a renal transplant patient due to a surface antigen mutant strain: a case report.
Abstract: Sequence analysis of the surface (S) antigen corresponding to the amino acid residues 101-186 (including the a-determinant region) revealed a genotype D mutant strain, subtype ayw3 with a single amino acid substitution D144E within the S gene.
Probable corticosteroid-induced reactivation of latent hepatitis B virus infection in an HIV-positive patient involving immune escape.
PMID: 22459735
2012
The Journal of infectious diseases
Abstract: A genotype A2 strain emerged with 2 major mutations in the S gene, sK122R and sD144E.
Frequency and mutation patterns of resistance in patients with chronic hepatitis B infection treated with nucleos(t)ide analogs in add-on and switch strategies.
Result: Two patients in the add-on therapy group had sC137G amino acid substitutions (with rtL80M + rtM204I mutations), 2 patients in the switch therapy group had sG145R mutations (with rtN236T mutations), and 4 patients in the switch therapy group had sD144E mutations (1 patient with rtL80M + rtM204V mutations and 3 patients with rtQ215S mutations).
HBV mutation literature information.
PMID: 
2014
PloS one
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