Discussion: Although it was found exclusively among HBV isolates from blood donors, the change from Asp to Glu at position s144 (D144E) has been described also in HBV isolates from HBV/HIV infected patients.
Patterns of hepatitis B virus S gene escape mutants and reverse transcriptase mutations among genotype D isolates in Jordan.
Abstract: These mutations included: L109R, Q129R, M133L, S143L and D144E with overall prevalence of 18.9% (95% CI [9.5-34.2]).
Introduction: Among other commonly detected vaccine-escape mutants are: P120Q, Q129H, F134Y/L, S143L and D144A/E.
Result: The M133L and D144E mutations that are vaccine-escape mutants, affecting HBV detection and immunoglobulin therapy were found each in a single patient.
Table: D144E
Molecular and serological characterization of hepatitis B vaccine breakthrough infections in serial samples from two plasma donors.
Discussion: The most frequently reported mutations at amino acid 144 result in substitution of alanine, histidine, or glutamic acid for aspartic acid (D144A/E/H).
Clinical and Virological Aspects of HBV Reactivation: A Focus on Acute Liver Failure.
Method: In addition, two more variants were used as controls, the SHB D144E which could be found in both groups and the SHB W172*, and its impact on HBsAg secretion has been already described before.
Method: In detail, a Strep-tag HBsAg genotype D was cloned in the pEXPR-IBA 44 (iba-lifesciences) Vector and was subsequently used as a template to generate the HBsAg mutants, D144E, W172* and L216*.
Result: The ratio of extracellular to intracellular HBsAg of the D144E mutant was comparable to wildtype HBsAg (107% +- 13% for Ar
Molecular Epidemiology of Hepatitis B Virus in Turkish Cypriot.
PMID: 31880889
2019
Polish journal of microbiology
Table: D144E
Nearly half of Ultrio plus NAT non-discriminated reactive blood donors were identified as occult HBV infection in South China.
Result: Previously reported HBV vaccine escape variants carrying point nucleotide mutations in the MHR (aa 124-147) of genotype B were also identified including T116 N (4.3%), P120S (4.3%), T126A (8.7%), Q129R/H (17.3%), D144A/E (8.7%) and G145A/R (21.7%).
Discussion: Although previous studies have already confirmed that the mutations in MHR, especially in the 'a' determinant influenced the virus antigenicity and were significantly associated with vaccine escape, we observed that the vaccine escaped mutations occurred frequently in the 'a' determinant (T116 N (4.3%), P120S (4.3%), T126A (8.7
Immune-escape mutations and stop-codons in HBsAg develop in a large proportion of patients with chronic HBV infection exposed to anti-HBV drugs in Europe.
Method: Among them, sP120S/T/A, sT126N/S, sQ129R/N, sT131I/N, sM133I/L, sP142S, sD144A/E, sG145A/R were known to act as vaccine-escape mutations.
Method: We determined the prevalence of 29 immune-associated escape mutations (sQ101K, sT114R, PMID: 29315352
2018
PloS one
Method: In addition, we looked for Vaccine Escape Mutants (VEMs) and polymorphic mutations outside (Y100C, Q101H, S117N, T118R and P120S) and within the HBsAg immuno-dominant 'a' determinant (I/T126A/N, A128V, Q129H/R, G130N, M133L/T, K141E, S143L, D144A/H/E and G145R).
A systematic review of hepatitis B virus (HBV) drug and vaccine escape mutations in Africa: A call for urgent action.
HBV mutation literature information.
PMID: 
2019
Polish journal of microbiology
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