8Discussion: Several other studies reported other substitutions in the ""a"" determinant region and associated with vaccine escape, such as T116N, P120S/E, I/T126A/N/I/S, Q129H/R, M133L, K141E, and D144A/E."
Discussion: S143L, G145R/A, and D144E/A
Discussion: The well-characterized escape mutations in the HBsAg are P120T, D144E/A, and G145R, the latter mutant affects the polymerase gene.
Natural variability in surface antigen and reverse transcriptase domain of hepatitis B virus in treatment-naive chronic HBV-infected Egyptian patients.
Abstract: Additionally, 11 occult samples (19 %) were detected, in which the predominant mutations of HBsAg were S143L (7 samples) followed by D144A and T125M (4 samples each).
Global prevalence and phylogeny of hepatitis B virus (HBV) drug and vaccine resistance mutations.
Introduction: In the following years, other mutations observed on the a-determinant, which are considered as immune escape variants, including T116N, P120S/E, I/T126A/N/I/S, Q129H/R, M133L, K141E, P142S, and D144A/E, have also been reported.
A recombinant human immunoglobulin with coherent avidity to hepatitis B virus surface antigens of various viral genotypes and clinical mutants.
Result: In contrast, the polyclonal anti-HBsAg antibody signal was severely reduced in several mutants within the 2nd loop of 'a' determinant, such as K141I, P142L/S, D144A/E, G145K/R, N146S and T148I.
In silico functional and structural characterization of hepatitis B virus PreS/S-gene in Iranian patients infected with chronic hepatitis B virus genotype D.
Introduction: Also, mutations may occur in association with either vaccine-induced immune-escape (P120T, K122R, T126S, Q129H, G130N, M133L, and M133T) or in relation to the patients with occult HBV infection (Y100C, C124R, C124Y, K141E, and D144A).
Detection of circulating hepatitis B virus immune escape and polymerase mutants among HBV-positive patients attending Institut Pasteur de Bangui, Central African Republic.
PMID: 31682960
2020
International journal of infectious diseases
Discussion: Many studies (Protzer-Knolle et al.,; Beckebaum et al.,; Cheung et al.,) have demonstrated that M133T itself is frequently associated with occult HBV infection and is also often associated with some mutations in the 'a' determinant such as G130N, F134L, D144A, D144G, G145A, G145K, and G145R or failed hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG) prophylaxis.
Deep sequencing of hepatitis B surface antigen gene in the preserved umbilical cords in immunoprophylaxis failure against mother-to-child HBV transmission.
2Conclusion: However, D144A (2.5%) and G145A (11.2%), which were located in the ""a"" determinant region, were detected as a minor population in the serum of the 2nd-born child."
Abstract: In Family 2, the deep sequencing showed no VEMs in the umbilical cords, but it detected D144A (2.5%) and G145A (11.2%) mutants in the serum of the 2nd-born child.
Conclusion: G44E,
Conclusion: Both D144A and G145A were reported to be VEMs.
Table: D144A
Discussion: However, D144A and G145A mutants were detected by the deep sequencing as minor populations in the serum of the 2nd-born child of Family 2.
HBV mutation literature information.
PMID: 
2022
PloS one
Browser Board
Co-occurred Entities
Filtrator
ViMRT